MPA 00Z 700hPa temperature 1987 - - - - - - - - - - - -9.1 1988 -8.9 -4.1 -2.7 -8.7 -8.2 -11.6 -10.2 -13.9 -11.5 -11.8 -9.0 -9.1 1989 -6.2 -4.2 -5.0 -9.9 -11.0 -10.2 -8.5 -11.1 -12.7 -9.1 -7.0 -6.6 1990 - -3.0 -6.0 -12.2 -9.9 -11.4 -9.6 -12.9 -11.7 -10.2 -10.3 -8.9 1991 -3.9 -6.2 -5.9 -8.1 -10.7 -13.8 -10.5 -11.8 -10.8 -10.9 -9.0 -7.9 1992 -3.9 -6.4 -5.4 -4.3 -12.3 -13.6 -11.5 -11.4 -10.8 -10.4 -8.3 -5.9 1993 -9.2 -4.9 -5.5 -8.5 -9.3 -9.7 -13.0 -10.8 -11.2 -8.9 -7.7 -7.9 1994 -5.1 -7.8 -5.8 -8.1 -11.3 -11.6 -12.6 -10.0 -12.5 -11.5 -7.9 -6.9 1995 -4.4 -5.8 - -5.0 -9.7 -14.9 -16.2 -15.6 - -8.5 -8.9 -6.1 1996 -7.0 -5.4 -5.0 -7.6 -7.8 -12.6 -11.6 -11.0 -9.5 -10.3 -8.5 -6.7 1997 -4.6 -7.6 -3.5 -8.1 -8.6 -11.2 -12.9 -13.5 - - - - 1998 -7.1 -4.7 -5.7 -5.3 -7.9 -10.4 -11.5 -12.4 -13.6 -10.4 -8.8 -8.4 1999 -5.1 -7.1 -5.9 -5.2 -10.9 -12.4 -11.8 -11.0 -12.7 -9.5 -6.0 -7.3 2000 -5.7 -4.5 -5.4 -7.6 -8.5 -11.4 -12.7 -13.5 -14.5 -10.9 -9.8 -9.9 2001 -6.6 -7.1 -7.3 -9.6 -9.7 -12.3 -15.0 -10.1 -11.0 -7.7 -7.6 -6.3 2002 -5.1 -4.0 -8.9 -7.3 -13.2 -13.2 -11.3 -10.6 -12.5 -11.7 -10.8 -6.1 2003 -7.8 -4.4 -6.3 -7.3 -8.5 -12.3 -10.6 -10.6 -10.9 -10.0 -10.5 -8.7 2004 -4.3 -1.1 -4.3 -8.4 -10.7 -10.3 -11.6 -10.7 -12.0 -9.9 -8.5 -6.6 2005 -7.2 -1.9 -6.4 -8.8 -10.4 -12.6 -12.2 -12.1 -9.4 -11.2 -8.9 -9.3 2006 -4.5 -4.1 -5.6 -7.5 -6.6 -11.9 -12.1 -12.9 -12.7 -8.5 -9.9 -7.0 2007 -5.3 -7.5 -6.4 -11.7 -11.8 - - - -9.5 -9.6 -12.0 -6.3 2008 -5.0 -3.5 -4.3 -11.4 -10.8 -11.5 -12.9 -14.1 -9.0 -9.5 -10.0 -5.5 2009 -5.5 -6.0 -6.1 -9.5 -11.6 -11.3 -12.7 -13.5 -11.4 -10.5 -12.6 -7.7 2010 -6.8 -7.5 -6.1 -7.3 -8.5 -10.4 -12.2 -11.2 -12.2 -8.7 -8.7 -9.1 2011 -5.1 -2.5 -5.3 -9.8 -8.5 -11.8 -13.2 -13.9 -11.5 -11.0 -6.6 -3.6 2012 -4.0 -7.9 -5.3 -9.7 -10.2 -14.1 -14.5 -9.1 -10.8 -11.0 -8.5 -9.0 2013 -4.7 -5.8 -5.3 -4.0 -10.8 -10.5 -11.5 -14.2 -11.7 -9.7 -9.9 -9.5 2014 -8.0 -6.1 -7.4 -7.7 -9.4 -9.7 -11.0 -11.2 -10.8 -9.9 -9.4 -7.9 2015 -6.2 -6.2 -5.1 -7.7 -7.8 -12.8 -12.9 -12.5 -13.7 -10.3 -8.1 -9.1 2016 -6.6 -5.5 -3.8 -8.6 -7.9 -8.7 -12.9 -12.7 -9.2 -8.5 -8.2 -8.5 2017 -7.4 -3.2 -5.5 -7.1 -7.3 -13.5 -10.8 -12.1 -10.7 -10.4 -8.1 -8.1 2018 -5.3 -3.6 -5.8 -8.1 -9.9 -11.4 -12.0 -10.7 -11.4 -11.2 -8.6 -5.8 2019 -7.2 -7.4 -5.1 -8.5 -10.2 -10.3 -12.0 -13.0 -12.3 -10.0 -8.3 -7.5 2020 -5.8 -3.9 -2.5 -5.1 -8.9 -11.4 -14.9 -12.6 -11.8 -7.5 -5.0 -6.9 2021 -6.0 -2.5 -5.4 -5.2 -9.7 -9.5 - -11.3 -9.3 -9.4 -8.0 -3.3 2022 -5.2 -5.6 - -7.3 -9.7 -11.2 -13.3 -11.6 -9.6 -8.0 -4.2 -5.3 2023 -3.4 -5.2 -8.2 -8.5 -8.9 -11.3 -12.9 -13.1 -12.7 -11.2 -8.3 -6.3 2024 -3.2 -2.7 -8.0 -7.7 - - - - - - - -