MPA 12Z 700hPa temperature 1987 - - - - - - - - - - - -7.8 1988 -9.5 -4.2 -4.3 -9.0 -8.7 -12.1 -11.2 -14.1 -11.0 -11.7 -9.2 -8.3 1989 -7.0 -5.1 -5.6 -10.4 -9.4 -10.7 -8.6 -11.7 -12.0 -8.8 -7.4 -6.8 1990 - -3.0 -6.6 -13.1 -9.6 -10.2 -10.1 -13.8 -11.1 -10.6 -9.7 -8.6 1991 -3.8 -5.1 -6.2 -8.3 -11.2 -13.5 -11.3 -12.1 -10.9 -10.7 -10.1 -9.3 1992 -3.8 -6.9 -6.5 -4.5 -11.7 -14.0 -10.8 -11.4 -11.0 -10.4 -8.3 -6.8 1993 -9.7 -4.1 -5.2 -9.1 -9.7 -10.4 -12.8 -10.5 -11.5 -8.9 -7.7 -8.8 1994 -5.1 -8.0 -5.5 -9.2 -11.8 -11.8 -12.7 -11.1 -12.7 -12.0 -7.8 -6.8 1995 -4.1 -6.1 - -5.1 -9.4 -14.6 -15.4 -16.0 - -9.2 -8.9 -6.4 1996 -7.1 -5.4 -6.2 -7.7 -8.0 -12.3 -10.0 -11.1 -10.0 -10.8 -8.6 -7.4 1997 -5.3 -7.6 -4.2 -8.9 -9.3 -11.9 -14.0 -12.1 - - - - 1998 -7.2 -5.5 -6.2 -4.9 -8.5 -10.4 -11.5 -12.8 -12.7 -9.8 -8.7 -8.5 1999 -5.5 -6.8 -6.5 -6.1 -10.1 -12.2 -11.6 -10.6 -12.9 -9.4 -6.3 -7.8 2000 -6.6 -4.7 -6.3 -7.1 -9.2 -12.3 -13.2 -13.2 -15.1 -10.4 -9.7 -10.1 2001 -6.4 -7.2 -7.3 -9.4 -9.9 -12.3 -15.1 -10.0 -11.3 -7.6 -7.8 -5.5 2002 -5.5 -4.9 -8.8 -8.6 -13.0 -14.2 -12.1 -10.8 -12.3 -11.5 -11.1 -6.8 2003 -8.3 -5.0 -6.4 -7.2 -8.3 -12.7 -10.8 -10.9 -11.4 -10.3 -11.6 -8.5 2004 -4.7 -1.3 -4.7 -9.2 -10.3 -10.5 -12.2 -10.5 -11.8 -10.1 -8.5 -6.5 2005 -7.3 -2.6 -6.5 -9.4 -10.5 -12.1 -11.7 -12.0 -9.5 -11.3 -9.5 -9.2 2006 -4.7 -4.5 -5.7 -6.8 -6.8 -11.4 -12.3 -12.3 -12.9 -9.8 -9.8 -7.6 2007 -5.8 -7.8 -7.1 -10.9 -11.7 -12.9 -13.9 -12.4 -9.3 -11.0 -11.9 -7.2 2008 -5.8 -4.5 -4.5 -11.5 -11.4 -10.9 -12.7 -14.1 -9.5 -10.9 -10.4 -6.5 2009 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2010 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2011 - - -2.7 - - - - - - - - - 2012 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2013 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2014 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2015 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2016 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2017 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2018 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2019 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2020 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2021 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2022 - - - - - - - -12.3 - - - - 2023 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2024 - - - - - - - - - - - -