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ANTARCTIC OZONE
This page gives information about ozone at Halley, Rothera and Vernadsky/Faraday
stations. It was either updated or new data was added on 2023 June 30.
The next update is likely to be on or about June 30.
Antarctic ozone today: The 2022 ozone hole is over. The 2023 polar vortex is beginning to form and currently has increased to 19 million square kilometres (msqkm) since mid May. It is stable. The area with potential Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) is also growing and has reached 19 msqkm. Ozone values are lower over Antarctica and higher and building over the southern ocean. They currently range from a low of around 240 Dobson Units (DU) to a high of around 410 DU. The temperature of the ozone layer over Antarctica is falling from the summer maximum. It is now close to or below the -78°C PSC formation threshold in most of the Antarctic ozone layer. The ozone layer temperature is now warmest just outside the forming polar vortex and declines towards the equator and towards the pole.
The 2022 ozone hole began to form in mid August. It was at its largest with an area of around 25 million square kilometres (msqkm) in early October, larger than average for the time of year, but similar to that of 2021 and 2020. It ended in mid December, a bit earlier than the decadal mean. The 2022 polar vortex began to form in May and was largest, with a size of 36 msqkm, in late September, which is much larger than average for the time of year. It was larger than 30 msqkm from mid July to mid November. It began to shrink more rapidly in December, but persisted until early January. It was much larger than average from mid July onwards. PSCs began to form in early May. The area with potential PSC reached a peak of 28 msqkm in mid August, larger than the long term average. It had declined to zero by early November, a little later than average. There was some long period wave activity, and the lower stratosphere was much less stable in the last week of August. Stability returned and remained close to average until late November, when instability increased to its maximum for the year, before returning to near normal.
Our thoughts and prayers are with our Ukrainian colleagues in Kyiv and at Vernadsky, who continue with their scientific work despite the invasion of their country.
September 16 is World Ozone Day.
See the final situation report for last year for information on the 2021 - 2022 season.
Notes: An ozone hole is defined as an area with values below 220 Dobson Units (DU). On average a column of air will hold 300 DU of ozone, equivalent to 3mm of ozone at sea-level pressure. Most of the ozone is between 10 and 40 km with a peak at around 20 km. The Antarctic ozone hole is usually largest in early September and deepest in late September to early October. Prior to the formation of ozone holes, Antarctic ozone values were normally at their lowest in the autumn (ie March). On occasion atmospheric vertical motions create small areas with ozone substantially below the long term average. Different satellites give different views of the exact ozone distribution. The continent covers 14 million sq. km. There are marked differences between the various satellite ozone measurements and analyses. The KNMI analysis and TEMIS forecasts are close to the observed values, whereas the Canadian analysis seems largely based on SMOBA data and is clearly at variance with ground based observations.
UNEP assessements: September 16 is world ozone day, and in 2009 the final UN Member State to ratify the Montreal Protocol signed up. All 197 Member States have now ratified the protocol up to and including the Beijing amendments. 2007 was the International Year of the Ozone Layer. A summary of the WMO/UN 2014 Ozone Assessment, the Assessment for Decision-Makers was released on 2014 September 10. 2017 was the 30th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol. UNEP released the 2022 Scientific Assessment of Ozone Layer Depletion in 2023 January.
News: Observations reported in Nature in May 2018 showed that the rate of decline of CFC-11, an ozone depleting substances in the atmosphere, which is also a greenhouse gas, had become slower than predicted. This suggested that either something unusual was taking place in the atmosphere or that there were additional man-made emissions. The paper suggested that the most likely reason was illegal manufacture and release from somewhere in eastern Asia. Investigation by the EIA found that production of polyurethene foam in China could explain the observed changes. They encouraged the Chinese government to take immediate action. This became news again in May 2019 when another paper was published in Nature. The Chinese government took action and by 2021 the rate of decline had returned to that expected.
Observations
from Halley since 1994 (the year when ozone depleting gasses were at their peak
according to one estimate) show a slow increase of about 1 DU per year in the
minimum ozone amount recorded each October. However, the inter-annual variation
is such that this trend is not quite significant at the 99% level, ie the data
is also just consistent with no change in the minimum amount. Although the
amount of ozone destroying substances in the atmosphere is going down, the
inter-annual variation in the size and depth of the ozone hole is largely
controlled by the meteorological conditions in the stratosphere. The
provisional Halley 2015 October minimum value was lower than that of 2014, 2013
and 2012 and this was due to the prevailing meteorological conditions. It
was also influenced by the eruption from Calbuco in southern Chile. Models suggest that recovery
may be more rapid after 2010. The 2019 October ozone minimum at Halley was
the highest since the split ozone hole of 2002 and the overall springtime
minimum the highest since 1982. The springtime (ie September and October)
minimum ozone values at Halley are slightly better fitted by a quadratic than a
linear fit. It is still too soon to say that we have
had the worst ever ozone hole, particularly as there has been no major volcanic
eruption in the Southern Hemisphere since 1992. There has also been little
cooling of the lower stratosphere since the mid 1990s. A simple linear extrapolation of the trend in
minimum values gives the final year with ozone hole levels as 2070, whilst the
quadratic fit suggests 2035, though the error bars on this estimate are very
large. Satellite data, which shows good agreement with the Dobson
data, has been used to fill the gaps in 2016 and 2017.
Click on a thumbnail to get the latest graph or high resolution images, which are updated more frequently than the thumbnails.
Halley - Total ozone: The Dobson ozone observing season at Halley normally begins at the end of August and ends in mid April. Very early and late season observations are made with the Sun at low elevation, and are less accurate than those made during the main observing period of September 6 to April 6. See the final situation report for last year for further information.
The
autoDobson ceased operation for the period of winter darkness on 2022 April 15.
The micro-turbine generator then failed over the winter, but staff
returned to the station in early November. AutoDobson and manual observations
restarted and the SAOZ instrument has been operating since November 8.
The q-lever plates on the autoDobson were adjusted on December 19 and this may
have affected the calibration. Manual observations ceased in early
February when staff left. The autoDobson made the last observations prior to the
2023 winter on April 15.
The SAOZ observations re-started first and show ozone daily values rising from 150 DU (55% depletion) in early November to 220 DU (40% depletion) mid month, where they remained until early December. Mean ozone values then rose to a peak of about 300 DU (15% depletion) in mid December and had fallen to 250 DU (15% depletion) by the end of February. Values unusually rose to 280 DU (5% depletion) in mid March, before resuming the decline and finished the Dobson season at around 260 DU (15% depletion). SAOZ observations continued until early May, when they were around 250 DU.
Rothera - Total ozone:
Real-time graphs showing current ozone and NO2 levels. Values
had risen to around 310 DU by mid
June, then began to fall and were lowest 
at
around 160 DU in mid November.
Mean values then rose, slowly at first to 180 DU, but then rapidly in the first
week of November and reached 290 DU mid month. They then fell back to around 190 DU
as the ozone hole returned later in the month, but rose above 220 DU in early
December to reach near normal levels around 300 DU by mid month. They
have slowly declined since January to reach around 270 DU by the winter
solstice. There is no clear sign of the usual autumn
minimum, however there are clear signs of wave activity. The lowest daily value
this season was 129 DU on
October 12; the highest 355 DU on July 8. The station was within or near the ozone hole from September
6 to December 2. Mean values
were generally close to average until mid August, though daily readings dropped to ozone hole
values in late May and again in mid July. From mid August to mid October they
were
a little above average, but were below average from mid October to early
December, apart from an excursion above average in mid November. Superimposed on the general trends described
here are fluctuations with periods of days to around a month and values can
change by over 50% in a few days in the spring when the polar vortex rotates
across the station.
Vernadsky - Total ozone:
Vernadsky station is run by the
National Antarctic Scientific Centre of Ukraine.
It is some 250 km north of Rothera. The observing season
began in late
July and the early observations indicated ozone values around 270 DU.
Values at the beginning of August were around 290 DU and had fallen to around
200 DU (45% depletion) by mid October, though with some rises due to short period wave
activity. Ozone values had risen to around 220 DU (40% depletion) by early
November, then rose rapidly around 330 DU (15%
depletion). After mid-month they fell back to reach ozone hole levels at
around 215 DU (45% depletion). They started to rise immediately and
reached a peak in mid December of around
310 DU (15% depletion). Mean values slowly declined to around
280 DU
(5% depletion) by the end of April. Wave activity is producing areas of
higher ozone, giving rises to values around 310 DU (close to average) in mid
March and 300 DU (close to average) in early April. The lowest value seen this season was 145 DU on October
19, the highest 367 DU on August 31. The station was within or near the margin of the ozone hole between October
14 and December 2, apart from the excursion in mid November.
Superimposed on the general trends during the year are fluctuations with periods of days to around a month and values can change by over 50% in a few days in the spring when the polar vortex rotates across the station, which is usually near the edge region of the polar vortex. Very early and late season observations are made with the Sun at low elevation, and are less accurate than those made during the main observing period of August 6 to May 6.
Temperature
and PSCs: The 100 hPa pressure level is near the base of the ozone
layer, but is reached by most radiosonde flights. The
temperature at this height is sufficiently cold from July to October that polar
stratospheric clouds (PSCs) can form. Note: "the normal" is used to refer to
the long term mean for the time of year.
Both Halley and Rothera see
displays of nacreous clouds. Those at Halley are of the form described
during the IGY as "ultra-cirrus". The Rothera 2022 season began on May 29, with clouds also seen on May 31.
Further clouds were seen on June 9, 11, 14, 23 and 24, July 12, 25, August 12,
September 6, 20 and October 5.
Halley - 100 hPa temperature: Radiosonde flights are only
made during the short summer season. With staff now on the station they
have resumed, though no flights are made at the weekend. Flights
show the temperature rising from -70°C at the end of November to a peak of -43°C
near the end of December. It dropped to -45°C in early January and rose to a second peak of around -43°C
in mid January, which is still below the long term mean. It was beginning
to fall when observations ceased for the winter in early February.
Peninsula - 100 hPa temperature:
The "Peninsula temperature" is usually the mean of five flights per week
from Rothera and one from Marambio and may include other
All the colder winters in the ozone layer
have been within the last 15 years.
Arctic: Temperatures are
well above the
Polar Stratospheric Cloud (PSC) formation temperature in the
Arctic stratosphere. The 2022/23 vortex reached a
maximum size of some 18 msqkm in early February, larger than average. It
then shrank rapidly and had gone by mid March. The potential PSC area
reached a peak of around
11 msqkm in late January, larger than average for the time of year over the last decade.
It then declined rapidly to 1 msqkm in early February during a stratospheric warming, before
building back to 5 msqkm. It declined to zero in mid February following a major stratospheric warming. Ozone values
then increased to very high levels at the centre of the high
pressure zone. Ozone values have become more uniform and
currently range from around 290 DU to 380 DU. Ozone amounts over the UK are around 330 DU. Nacreous clouds were seen from
northern Scotland on January 29 and 30, when the vortex centre, with
stratospheric temperatures below -78°C,
was just to the north of Scotland. 
stations when available.
This year additional flights have been made in support of YOPP at Frei and
Vernadsky. The 100 hPa temperature was around -46°C in early January
2022, a little below the average. The temperature slowly fell, remaining
around the long term average until late May. There was then a rapid
cooling to around -70°C, with slow cooling thereafter, with the 100 hPa
temperature reaching around -80°C by mid August. Some long period wave
activity is present, and the
temperature rose to around -73°C in late August, before falling again to around
-78°C in September. The temperature then slowly rose to reach around
-74°C in early November. It then rapidly rose to around -58°C, which is close to
average. It fell again after mid month, returning to -69°C, which is some
19 degrees below average for the time of year, then continuing to rise to a peak
of -45°C
in mid December, close to the long term mean. After a small dip in early
January, values returned to close to average and peaked at around -44°C in late
January. The temperature fell, remaining close to average until mid June,
but is now around -72°C, rather below average. There is
wave activity with a period of around a month. There is often large day to day variation during the spring because the area is
in the edge region of the circumpolar vortex.
The north polar vortex is usually smaller and more disturbed than the corresponding one that forms during the Antarctic winter.
There are sometimes significant differences (over 100 DU) between modeled, satellite and ground-based measurements, particularly when there is large variation in total column ozone. Ozone values over the Arctic during 2019/20 are shown in our Northern Hemisphere OMI movie. For more UK information see the DEFRA UK Stratospheric Ozone Measurements page.
Equator: Ozone levels are normally lowest over the topics and OMPS data shows nothing unusual, although ozone values over the Indian Ocean area are lower than elsewhere, which is probably related to enhanced levels of sulphur dioxide in this region. The latest theories on how the ozone layer will change in response to increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere suggest that there will be a slow decline in ozone amounts over tropical and sub-tropical regions.
Measurements reported here refer to ozone in the "ozone layer", where most of the ozone in the atmosphere is found. This "layer" stretches from roughly 10 to 40km above the Earth's surface, with a peak at around 20km. Bringing all the ozone in the "layer" down to ground level would give a thickness of around 3mm of pure ozone, which reduces to around 1mm at the height of the ozone hole. A little ozone also exists closer to the Earth's surface and research shows that natural halogens in Antarctica can produce depletion in this near surface layer. The theoretical basis for the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole and its link with the halogen chemistry of man-made substances is well established and the mechanism is described at sites such as the Ozone Hole Tour at the Cambridge University Centre for Atmospheric Science.
The BAS ozone bulletins contained the actual ozone values reported together with an analysis of the situation. These were distributed by email on request, but are now superceded by this web site. The last email ozone bulletin was issued on 2002 May 28. The final situation report of each season is archived for historical reference.
Please read this metadata
description before asking any questions about the data.
[updated 2019 December 9].
Two documents describe our standard operating procedures:
The BAS Dobson Manual
and the BAS ozone station
instructions. A paper describing the stations, observing programs and
reduction procedures is in preparation. Most of our data is available on line,
however please note that this is provisional and likely to change without
warning. You must request permission to reproduce the data and we may be
able to supply more suitable or more up to date material. If data from
Halley is used you must give the station name as Halley; Halley Bay was a
geographical feature that no longer exists.
Older data (1972 - 2011) has been recomputed and all the preliminary values are posted. Some of the zenith sky regressions do not give a good fit and will be improved. The direct sun measurements during this period are unlikely to change.
Current provisional daily
mean ozone values for 2022/2023 for Halley
[AutoDobson, Updated 2023 April 17] and Vernadsky. [Updated 2023 May 26].
Note : The calibration of the current instruments is not yet
fully determined as the instruments use ongoing solar measurements for in-situ
calibration. The manual Dobson at Halley was changed in 2012 February and
required maintenance in 2013 August. The zenith sky tables or other
calibration values were last revised on 2018 February 4, but the daily means may
still have errors up to 5%, particularly when ozone values or the solar
elevation are low. Halley has become a summer only station and there are no manual observations
between 2017 February 15 and 2017 December 7,
2018 February 26 and 2018 December 10, 2019 February 16 and 2021 January 10 and
since 2021 February 10. The instrument calibration constants
are being
revised, so values given here may change. The automated Dobson is likely
to have larger errors as it has not been callibrated under low ozone conditions.
The instrument constants for Dobson 123 at Vernadsky were revised in 2019
October and may require further revision. The preliminary Halley and Vernadsky
values should therefore be treated with some caution.
Halley
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Halley in
2011/12 , 2012/13
,
2013/14 , 2014/15
,
2015/16 , 2016/17
, 2017/18 , 2018/19
, 2019/20 , 2020/21
, 2021/22 , 2022/23 using Dobson 31 in manual operation.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Halley in
2005/06 , 2006/07
,
2007/08 , 2008/09
,
2009/10 , 2010/11
,
2011/12 using Dobson 73 in manual mode. 2017/18
, 2018/19 , 2019/20
, 2020/21 , 2021/22
, 2022/23 using Dobson 73 in auto mode.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Halley in
1991/92 , 1992/93
,
1993/94 , 1994/95
,
1995/96 , 1996/97
,
1997/98 , 1998/99
,
1999/00 , 2000/01
,
2001/02 , 2002/03
,
2003/04 , 2004/05
,
2005/06
using Dobson 103.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Halley in
1981/82 , 1982/83
,
1983/84 , 1984/85
,
1985/86 , 1986/87
,
1987/88 , 1988/89
,
1989/90 , 1990/91
,
1991/92
using Dobson 123.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Halley in
1972/73 ,
1973/74 , 1974/75
,
1975/76 , 1976/77
,
1977/78 , 1978/79
,
1979/80 , 1980/81
,
1981/82
using Dobson 31.
Provisional individual ozone values for Halley
in
2011/12 , 2012/13
,
2013/14 , 2014/15
, 2015/16 ,
2016/17 , 2017/18 ,
2018/19 , 2019/20 ,
2020/21 , 2021/22 ,
2022/23 using Dobson 31 in manual operation.
Provisional individual ozone values for Halley in
2005/06 , 2006/07
,
2007/08 , 2008/09
,
2009/10 , 2010/11
,
2011/12 with Dobson 73 in manual mode, 2017/18
, 2018/19 , 2019/20
, 2020/21 , 2021/22
, 2022/23 using Dobson 73 in auto mode.
Provisional individual ozone values for Halley in
1991/92 , 1992/93
,
1993/94 , 1994/95
,
1995/96 , 1996/97
,
1997/98 , 1998/99
,
1999/00 , 2000/01
,
2001/02 , 2002/03
,
2003/04 , 2004/05
,
2005/06
using Dobson 103.
Provisional individual ozone values for Halley in
1981/82 , 1982/83
,
1983/84 , 1984/85
,
1985/86 , 1986/87
,
1987/88 , 1988/89
,
1989/90 , 1990/91
,
1991/92
using Dobson 123.
Provisional individual ozone values for Halley in
1972/73 ,
1973/74 , 1974/75
,
1975/76 , 1976/77
,
1977/78 , 1978/79
,
1979/80 , 1980/81
,
1981/82
using Dobson 31.
Faraday/Vernadsky
Provisional daily mean
ozone values for Vernadsky in
2004/05 , 2005/06
, 2006/07 ,
2007/08 , 2008/09
, 2009/10 ,
2010/11 , 2011/12
, 2012/13 ,
2013/14 , 2014/15
, 2015/16 ,
2016/17 , 2017/18 ,
2018/19 , 2019/20 ,
2020/21 , 2021/22 ,
2022/23 using Dobson 123.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Vernadsky in
1983/84 , 1984/85
, 1985/86 ,
1986/87 , 1987/88
, 1988/89 ,
1989/90 , 1990/91
, 1991/92 ,
1992/93 , 1993/94
, 1994/95 ,
1995/96 , 1996/97
, 1997/98 ,
1998/99 , 1999/00
, 2000/01 ,
2001/02 , 2002/03
, 2003/04 ,
2004/05 using Dobson 31.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Vernadsky in
1971/72 ,
1972/73 , 1973/74
, 1974/75 ,
1975/76 , 1976/77
, 1977/78 ,
1978/79 , 1979/80
, 1980/81 ,
1981/82 , 1982/83
, 1983/84 ,
1984/85 using Dobson 73.
Provisional individual ozone values for Vernadsky in
2004/05 , 2005/06
, 2006/07 ,
2007/08 , 2008/09
, 2009/10 ,
2010/11 , 2011/12
, 2012/13 ,
2013/14 , 2014/15
, 2015/16 ,
2016/17 , 2017/18 ,
2018/19 , 2019/20 ,
2020/21 , 2021/22 ,
2022/23 using Dobson 123.
Provisional individual ozone values for Vernadsky in
1983/84 , 1984/85
, 1985/86 ,
1986/87 , 1987/88
, 1988/89 ,
1989/90 , 1990/91
, 1991/92 ,
1992/93 , 1993/94
, 1994/95 ,
1995/96 , 1996/97
, 1997/98 ,
1998/99 , 1999/00
, 2000/01 ,
2001/02 , 2002/03
, 2003/04 ,
2004/05 using Dobson 31.
Provisional individual ozone values for Vernadsky in
1971/72 ,
1972/73 , 1973/74
, 1974/75 ,
1975/76 , 1976/77
, 1977/78 ,
1978/79 , 1979/80
, 1980/81 ,
1981/82 , 1982/83
, 1983/84 ,
1984/85 using Dobson 73.
Provisional Dobson monthly mean ozone values for Faraday/Vernadsky and Halley between 1956 and 2022 April.
Monthly mean satellite ozone values for Halley from 2004 October to 2019 August.
Note the satellite season lasts longer into April and starts earlier in August
than do Dobson measurements. Overall there is good agreement between the
two datasets, so the satellite data may be used to fill Dobson data gaps.
Provisional monthly minimum ozone values for Faraday/Vernadsky between 1972 and 2022 April and Halley between 1956 and 2022 April.
Mean daily ozone values for the period 1957 - 1972 for
Faraday
and Halley. [NB: not corrected to Bass-Paur]
Daily ozone values for the period 1957 - 1973 for Faraday and Halley. [Revised to Bass-Paur]
Provisional Halley SAOZ total column nitrogen dioxide
and ozone:
2013 [processing revised 2013 November 22] , 2014 ,
2015 , 2016 , 2021
, 2022 , 2023
[updated 2023 May 26] and as
real-time graphs showing current ozone and NO2 levels.
The SAOZ did not run from when the station closed before the 2018 winter until
the 2021/22 summer. There was no power during the 2022 winter.
Temperature and Ozone graphs for Halley and Vernadsky/Faraday. [Updated 2021 December 14]. The historic period shown in the inline graphs is for 1957 - 1972.
Rothera
Ozone & nitrogen dioxide:
SAOZ total column nitrogen dioxide and ozone:
1996 ,
1997 , 1998 ,
1999 ,
2000 , 2001 ,
2002 ,
2003 , 2004 ,
2005 ,
2006 , 2007 and
2008
[to 2008 January 22].
"New" SAOZ total column nitrogen dioxide and ozone:
2006 , 2007 ,
2008 ,
2009 , 2010 ,
2011 ,
2012 , 2013 ,
2014 ,
2015 , 2016 , 2017 ,
2018 , 2019 , 2020 ,
2021 , 2022 , 2023 [updated 2023
June 23]
and as
real-time graphs showing current ozone and NO2 levels. Data is missing
between 2013 December 23 and 2014 January 6. Data from 2017 January 6 to
May 8 is
likely to be revised as there were some issues with the instrument. Some
data in 2017 October and November, which show high standard deviation is also
suspect, though in some cases this simply reflects large changes in ozone column
during the day. There are some shorter periods with missing data due to
computer glitches. These became more problematic in 2019 and no data was collected
between 2019 January 18 and March 4.
Provisional monthly mean ozone values
from 1996 to 2022 December.
Note that means for some months are based on partial data.
Ozonesondes:
During 2003 we carried out ozone sonde flights at Rothera as part of the
QUOBI project. Data from these
flights
is available in NASA-AMES format. Animation
of the ozonesonde flight results [note that although the ozone scale on these
graphs reads nanobars, it should read mPa].
Bentham ozone. Provisional values for 1997
/ 1998 / 1999 /
2000
/ 2001 / 2003 /
2004 [updated 2004 November 5]. The
Bentham instrument ran until 2012, but data from it has not been used to produce
further ozone values.
Cambridge
Some
experimental data from an automated Dobson is available, but this is not well
calibrated, particularly when ozone amounts are above 350 DU and when the sun is
low in the sky. It has been brought back into operation for trials and some
preliminary data is now available, though there are some technical issues with
the instrument leading to data gaps. The instrument is currently off line and
will be undergoing callibration at Hohenpeissenberg in July.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Cambridge in
2018/19 , 2019/20 ,
2021/22 , 2022/23 [updated 2023
May 26] using Dobson 103 in automode.
Provisional individual ozone values for Cambridge in 2018/19 , 2019/20 ,
2021/22 , 2022/23 using Dobson 103 in automode.
Some background information on Halley, Rothera and Faraday stations is available from BAS. Information about Vernadsky station is also available from the Ukrainian Antarctic Centre. Information about Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky
Some surface and upper air synoptic data is also available on line from our public data page.
Southern Hemisphere ozone
hole movies for 1997/1998 , 1998/1999
, 1999/2000 , 2000/2001
, 2001/2002 , 2002/2003
, 2003/2004 , 2004/2005
, 2005 [TOMS], 2005/2006
, 2006/2007 , 2007/2008
, 2008/2009 , 2009/2010
, 2010/2011 , 2011/2012
, 2012/2013 , 2013/2014
, 2014/2015 , 2015/2016
, 2016/2017 , 2017/2018
, 2018/2019 , 2019/2020
[OMI], 2020/2021 , 2021/2022
[OMPS], 2022/2023 [OMI, updated to 2023 June 21]. A short sequence of the
2001 ozone hole. A composite sequence of the 2022 and 2021 ozone holes
running from 2022 June 21 to 2022 September 13 and 2021 September 14 to 2021
December 31.
Northern Hemisphere movies for 2000/2001 , 2001/2002
, 2002/2003 ,
2003/2004
, 2004/2005 , 2005
[TOMS], 2005/2006 ,
2006/2007
, 2007/2008 , 2008/2009
, 2009/2010 , 2010/2011
, 2011/2012 , 2012/2013
, 2013/2014 , 2014/2015
, 2015/2016 , 2016/2017
, 2017/2018 , 2018/2019
, 2019/2020 [OMI], 2020/2021
, 2021/2022 [OMPS], 2022/2023
[OMI, updated to 2023 June 21]. A short sequence of ozone depletion during the
2002/03 northern winter showing the difference from the normal.
The annual OMI movies are about 7Mb and were compiled from daily TOMS images until the end of 2005; from
2005/06 until 2019/20 and again from 2022/23 they were compiled from OMI images.
For 2020/21 and 2021/22 they used OMPS images
and the annual file size is over 16Mb.
The movies begin and end on the June solstice.
Today's
forecast OMI Antarctic image
The
current area of the hole and
other latest details are available from the NOAA Climate Prediction Center.
Environment Canada have a set of
daily maps showing both northern and southern ozone levels from a variety of
sources, though these are currently unavailable.
The Sciamachy uv index
from the ESA Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service.
Note that west longitude is negative when entering co-ordinates.
Requests for permission to use this data or for further information should be sent to Jon Shanklin who maintains these pages.
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