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ANTARCTIC OZONE
This page gives information about ozone at Halley, Rothera and Vernadsky/Faraday stations. It was either updated or new data was added on 2017 June 23. The next major update will be in late June.
Antarctic ozone today: The 2016 ozone hole ended in mid November. The circulation is settling into its winter mode, with the polar vortex building in strength. Ozone amounts are growing around Antarctica, whilst they are lower within the vortex. Ozone values over the bulk of the continent are between 250 and 320 DU, whilst over the southern ocean they rise to around 370 DU in places. There are noticeable differences between the various satellite ozone measurements over Antarctica at the moment. Temperatures in the ozone layer are cooling towards their winter values and it is now cold enough (below -78°C) for Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) to form over much of the continent. Temperatures are highest around the outside of the polar vortex and decline towards the pole and towards the equator. They are generally close to or a little below the normal.
The 2016 ozone hole: The polar vortex formed over the winter, isolating the ozone layer over Antarctica. Stratospheric temperatures fell below -78°C through much of the ozone layer, leading to the formation of polar stratospheric clouds. With the return of sunlight ozone depletion took place leading to the formation of the 2016 ozone hole. Mean ozone values dropped to around 130 DU at the centre of the ozone hole in early October, but were around 360 DU just outside the polar vortex, with peak values above 400 DU. During August the ozone hole was larger than in either 2015 or 2014, but during September it was smaller in size than 2015, though mostly larger than 2014. A short lived warming took place in early September. At its largest in late September the hole covered just over 20 million square kilometres. In the first half of October it was comparable to the decadal mean at around 19 million square kilometres. It shrank, and disappeared shortly after mid November. The PSC area reached its maximum size of around 26 million square kilometres in early August broadly comparable to the mean of the last decade. It shrank and the PSC area was around 15 million square kilometres in mid September, near its seasonal lowest over the last decade, however it remained near this size into October, then rapidly fell to zero. The edge of the ozone hole clipped the tip of South America, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia over September 1 to 5, September 12, 27 to 30, October 8 to 20 and November 7 to 13.
PSCs
were visible from the UK on 2016 February 1 and 2 and again at the end of the
month. The dense form known as nacreous or mother-of-pearl clouds was most
noticed in the earlier displays (eg this shot by Alan Tough from Alloa), however
diffuse clouds with the appearance of high stratocumulus were more widespread.
Nacreous clouds were also seen from northern England and Scotland on 2017
January 27.
See the final situation report for last year for information on the 2015 - 2016 season.
Notes: The Antarctic ozone hole is usually largest in early September and deepest in late September to early October. September 16 is world ozone day, and in 2009 the final UN Member State to ratify the Montreal Protocol signed up. All 197 Member States have now ratified the protocol up to and including the Beijing amendments. 2007 was the International Year of the Ozone Layer. Prior to the formation of ozone holes, Antarctic ozone values were normally at their lowest in the autumn (ie March). On occasion atmospheric vertical motions create small areas with ozone substantially below the long term average. Different satellites give different views of the exact ozone distribution. The continent covers 14 million sq. km. A summary of the WMO/UN 2014 Ozone Assessment, the Assessment for Decision-Makers was released on 2014 September 10.
Observations
from Halley since 1994 (the year when ozone depleting gasses were at their peak
according to one estimate) show a slow increase of about 1 DU per year in the
minimum ozone amount recorded each October, however the inter-annual variation
is such that this trend is not yet significant (at the 99% level), ie the data
is also consistent with no change in the minimum amount. Although the
amount of ozone destroying substances in the atmosphere is going down, the
inter-annual variation in the size and depth of the ozone hole is largely
controlled by the meteorological conditions in the stratosphere. The
provisional Halley 2015 October minimum value was lower than that of 2014, 2013
and 2012 and this was due to the prevailing meteorological conditions. It
was also influenced by the eruption from Calbuco in southern Chile. The
recovery in springtime (ie September and October) minimum ozone values at Halley
is now statistically significant. It is still too soon to say that we have
had the worst ever ozone hole, particularly as there has been no major volcanic
eruption in the Southern Hemisphere since 1992. There has also been little
cooling of the lower stratosphere since the mid 1990s.
Click on a thumbnail to get the latest graph or high resolution images, which are updated more frequently than the thumbnails.
Halley - Total ozone: The Dobson ozone observing season at Halley begins at the end of August and ends in mid April. Note: very early and late season observations are made with the Sun at low elevation, and are less accurate than those made during the main observing period of September 6 to April 6. In addition the Dobson at Halley was changed in 2012 February and required maintenance in 2013 August, so the zenith sky tables of the current instrument are not yet fully determined. The preliminary Dobson values given here should therefore be treated with some caution and will be revised. Ozone observations at the station ceased on February 15 when the station was shut down for the winter due to the risk of calving of the ice shelf on which it is located. It is hoped that observations will resume by December.
During
the winter, Dobson observations using the Moon as a light source are possible
and measurements at the time of the June solstice were around 260 DU.
Measurements in mid July were around 280 DU. Moon observations in
mid August gave values around 230 DU, and they had dropped to around 200 DU when
solar observations began in late August. From late August to late
September they dropped at around 2 DU per day, but then more slowly to a minimum
of around 140 DU in mid October (55% depletion). They then rose to a peak
of around 330 DU at the end of November (10% depletion). By mid February
they had declined to around 260 DU (15% depletion). The station was within
the ozone hole from late August until November 18. The lowest daily value
seen this season was 130 DU on September 29 and 131 DU October 1, whilst the
highest so far is 344 DU on November 27.
Halley
also has a SAOZ spectrometer, and measurements with this began in early August
when values were around 280 DU. They fell at around 3 DU per day reaching around
120 DU by the end of September. They stayed near this value until mid
October, when they began to increase, and peaked at around 310 DU at the end of
November. Values had declined to around 300 DU in early December, when the
instrument was switched off whilst the station was moved to a new location.
Observations are unlikely to resume at the new station location until 2017
November at the earliest. Daily values were below the ozone hole threshold
for the first time on August 8, again on August 13 and 17 and from August 26
until November 18. The lowest SAOZ daily value seen this season was 106 DU
on September 29, whilst the highest is 322 DU on November 25. In general
mean Dobson observations look to the north, whilst mean SAOZ observations look
towards the south.
Rothera - Total ozone:
Real-time graphs showing current ozone and NO2 levels. Mean ozone
values remained within 20 DU of 290 DU during the first four
months
of 2016.
They
fell to around 250 DU in early May and had risen to around 310 DU by early July.
Mean daily values fell to around 260 DU in late July, but then rose to around
340 DU in mid August, when the station was outside the polar vortex. They
fell to reach around 170 DU in late September but then rose to around 240 DU in
early October, before dropping to 145 DU mid month. They then quickly rose
above the ozone hole threshold to reach 315 DU, but dropped back to 190 DU in
early November before rising to around 330 DU at the end of the month.
Values had fallen to around 300 DU by the end of the year. The instrument
failed around January 6 and was temporarily replaced with the spare on January
20. The instrument failed again on March 20 and was replaced with the
spare on March 29. Values had fallen to around 260 DU by the
March equinox and had risen to around 300 DU by the June solstice. Daily values were below the
ozone hole threshold for the first time on July 17, again from July 26 to 28 and
mean values were generally below the threshold from mid August to mid October
and during the first part of November. The lowest daily value seen
so far this season is 123 DU on September 2, whilst the highest is 375 DU on
August 9. Superimposed on the general trends described here are
fluctuations with periods of days to around a month and values can change by
over 50% in a few days in the spring when the polar vortex rotates across the
station.
Vernadsky - Total ozone: Vernadsky station is run by the
National Antarctic Scientific Centre of Ukraine. It is some 250
km north of Rothera. The observing season at Vernadsky began in late July,
with values
around
250 DU, rising to around 300 DU in early August. They fell to around 220
DU in mid August and then slowly rose, although with much short period
variation, to around 240 DU in late September. They then dropped to around
150 DU in mid October (55% depletion), before rising dramatically to around 330
DU, then falling again to 200 DU in early November. They rose to a peak of
around 320 DU towards the end of November. Values had slowly declined to
around 270 DU (10% depletion) by early March. Since the equinox they have
been around 285 DU (5% depletion). Daily values were below the ozone
hole threshold for the first time on from July 26 to 28. Running
mean values were below the ozone hole threshold for the first time on August 19.
The lowest daily value seen this season was 133 DU on October 14, whilst the
highest was 372 DU on October 21 and 24. Superimposed on the general
trends described here are fluctuations with periods of days to around a month
and values can change by over 50% in a few days in the spring when the polar
vortex rotates across the station, which is usually near the edge region of the
polar vortex. Very early and late season observations are made with
the Sun at low elevation, and are less accurate than those made during the main
observing period of August 6 to May 6.
The instrument constants were revised in 2016 November, which resulted in
some previously listed values for 2016 and earlier being updated. A
further revision may be required. See the data section for current
provisional values for 1972 - date.
Temperature
and PSCs: The 100 hPa pressure level is near the base of the ozone
layer, but is reached by most radiosonde flights. The
temperature at this height is sufficiently cold from July to October that polar
stratospheric clouds (PSCs) can form. Note: "the normal" is used to refer to
the long term mean for the time of year.
Both Halley and Rothera see displays of nacreous clouds. Those at Halley are of the form described during the IGY as "ultra-cirrus". The 2016 season started early at Rothera with a sighting on May 14, they also saw them on June 20, 28, July 8, 14, 19, 27, 28, 29, August 1, 2, 26, September 4, 9, 29 and October 3. Halley saw clouds on September 3.
Halley - 100 hPa temperature: The stratosphere cooled over
the 2016 winter, and the 100 hPa temperature was lowest at around -83°C in mid
August. It generally rose slowly
during
September and October, then much more rapidly in November to reach -39°C at the
end of the month, which is above the normal. It had cooled to around -43°C
by mid February, which is close to the normal, although it was colder than
normal from mid January to mid February. The June mean was -74°C, a little
warmer than the long term mean, for July it was -81°C, a fraction cooler, August
was exactly normal at -83°C and September was a little warmer at -81°C.
August and September were less variable than in 2015. The temperature was
often substantially below the normal from early October to late November.
Radio-sonde launches ceased after February 13.
Peninsula - 100 hPa temperature:
The mean 100 hPa temperature had dropped to around -72°C at the beginning
of August, but then rose to around -67°C before falling to its
coldest
of the winter at -79°C around mid month. It slowly rose, with a warming
event in early October, but then dropped back to -79°C mid month, much colder
than the normal of -70°C. Another warming event started in mid October as
the polar vortex elongated and moved away from the station and temperatures rose
close to the normal near the end of the month. It cooled again and
in the first half of November reached -69°C, 15° below the normal. It rose
rapidly to -44°C at the end of November, and was around -43°C at the solstice,
which is close to the normal. After a broad peak lasting well into
January it slowly began to cool and had reached around -58°C, a little cooler than
the normal, by the end of April. The cooling has continued and the
temperature is now around -68°C. The temperature has generally been cooler than the normal
during 2017. There is often large day to day variation because the area is
in the edge region of the circumpolar vortex. An exceptionally cold
-90.3°C was recorded on September 2. The temperature is usually lowest in
late August.
The June mean was -66°C, a little warmer than the long term mean, July was
-73°C, a little cooler, August -74°C a little warmer and September -76°C, a
little cooler. Temperatures in 2016 July to September were more variable
than the corresponding months in 2015.
Satellite:
Satellite imagery gives a global perspective on the ozone hole, though there
are marked differences between the different satellites, demonstrating the need
for verification by ground based stations. Our
2016/2017 Antarctic ozone hole movie is produced
from OMI images, which are generally well calibrated with respect to ground
based measurements. The NCEP and KNMI analyses are shown on the
Canadian Met Service daily ozone maps pages. The KNMI model is
generally better at analysis and forecasting in the Antarctic. In
general the NCEP analysis in the Southern Hemisphere tends to over-emphasize
ozone depletion and the forecast further increases the amount of depletion, but
on occasion (for example in early August 2011) also ignores real ozone
depletion. The SMOBA and TOAST analyses both use SBUV and TOVS data, but
the TOAST algorithm may at times over-estimate ozone depletion. US NWS
CPC plots from NOAA show the
current area of the ozone hole, though note that this is often a preliminary
plot. The Sciamachy
uv index from the ESA Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet
Service shows the exposure risk at any location. Arctic:
With the establishment of the summer circulation, ozone values across the Arctic and temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere
are now more uniform and range from around 290 DU to 380 DU.
Ozone values over the UK are around 310 DU. All parts of the ozone layer are well above the PSC
formation threshold, with temperatures nearing the summer maximum. Nacreous clouds were seen over northern England and
Scotland on January 27. The north polar vortex is usually smaller and more disturbed than the
corresponding one that forms during the Antarctic winter.
In 2010/11 a generally more stable than usual
Arctic vortex allowed stratospheric temperatures to drop below the PSC formation
threshold for a substantial period over the northern winter.
Warmings occurred in early January and early February, however parts of the
Arctic ozone layer within the vortex remained cold enough for stratospheric
clouds to form until early April, with temperatures substantially colder than
the normal. With large amounts of clouds sunlit, ozone depletion reached
its greatest towards the end of March. Ozone values at Lerwick dropped to
249 DU on 2011 March 29, when the major depletion event passed near the UK, but
values across the UK returned to near normal by mid April. The major
spring warming of the stratosphere occurred in early April and temperatures from
then on were then too warm for PSCs to exist. By contrast
the 2012/13 vortex was very unstable with stratospheric warmings
occurring in early and late December 2012. Temperatures had warmed above
the PSC formation threshold in late December and were at or near record levels
in 2013 January.
In 2015/16 the vortex was again very cold and
stable and in early February the vortex elongated south across the UK.
Spectacular displays of PSCs and nacreous clouds were seen across the UK on
February 1 and 2; good views were had from Cambridge. Ozone depletion
occurred, with unusually low values recorded on January 31/February 1, for
example 224 DU at Reading on February 1.
The vortex elongated again towards the end of the month, and further clouds were
seen from parts of the UK, with 240 DU recorded at Lerwick on February 29.
There are sometimes significant differences (over 100 DU) between modeled,
satellite and ground-based measurements, particularly when there is large
variation in total column ozone. Ozone values over the Arctic during
2016/17 are shown in our Northern Hemisphere TOMS movie. For more
UK information see the DEFRA
UK Stratospheric Ozone Measurements page. Equator: Ozone
levels are normally lowest over the topics and OMI data shows nothing unusual. Measurements reported here refer to
ozone in the "ozone layer", where most of the ozone in the atmosphere is found.
This "layer" stretches from roughly 10 to 40km above the Earth's surface, with a
peak at around 20km. Bringing all the ozone in the "layer" down to ground
level would give a thickness of around 3mm of pure ozone, which reduces to
around 1mm at the height of the ozone hole. A little ozone also exists
closer to the Earth's surface and
recent research shows that natural halogens in Antarctica can produce
depletion in this near surface layer. The theoretical basis for the
formation of the Antarctic ozone hole and its link with the halogen chemistry of
man-made substances is well established and the mechanism is described at sites
such as the Ozone Hole Tour at the
Cambridge University Centre for Atmospheric Science. The BAS ozone
bulletins contained the actual ozone values reported together with an
analysis of the situation. These were distributed by email on request, but are
now superceded by this web site. The last
email ozone bulletin
was issued on 2002 May 28. The final situation report
of each season is archived for historical reference. Please read this metadata
description before asking any questions about the data.
[updated 2017 March 24]. Older data (1972 - 2011) has been
recomputed and all the preliminary values are posted. Some of the
zenith sky regressions do not give a good fit and will be improved. The
direct sun measurements during this period are unlikely to change. Current provisional daily
mean ozone values for 2016/2017 for Halley
[Updated 2017 February 17] and Vernadsky. [Updated 2017 May 26].
Note : The Dobson at Halley was changed in 2012 February and
required maintenance in 2013 August. The calibration of the current
instrument is not yet fully determined. The zenith sky tables or other
calibration values were last revised on 2016 December 2, but the daily means may
still have errors up to 5%, particularly when ozone values or the solar
elevation are low. The instrument constants for Dobson 123 at Vernadsky
were revised in 2016 November and may require further revision. The preliminary
Halley and Vernadsky values should therefore be treated with some caution.
Observations at Halley ceased on 2017 February 15 and will probably not resume
until 2017 October at the earliest. Temperature
and Ozone graphs for Halley and Vernadsky/Faraday. [Updated 2016 June 27].
The historic period shown in the inline graphs is for 1957 - 1972. Rothera - Ozonesondes:
During 2003 we carried out ozone sonde flights at Rothera as part of the
QUOBI project. Data from these
flights
is available in NASA-AMES format. Animation
of the ozonesonde flight results [note that although the ozone scale on these
graphs reads nanobars, it should read mPa]. Rothera - Ozone & nitrogen
dioxide: Some background information on
Halley,
Rothera
and
Faraday
stations is available from BAS. Information about Vernadsky station is also
available from the Ukrainian Antarctic Centre. Information about Vladimir
Ivanovich Vernadsky Some surface and upper air synoptic
data is also available on line from our
public data page. Southern Hemisphere ozone
hole movies for 1997/1998 ,
1998/1999
, 1999/2000 ,
2000/2001
, 2001/2002 ,
2002/2003
, 2003/2004 ,
2004/2005
, 2005 [TOMS], 2005/2006
, 2006/2007 ,
2007/2008
, 2008/2009 ,
2009/2010
, 2010/2011 ,
2011/2012
, 2012/2013 ,
2013/2014
, 2014/2015 ,
2015/2016
, 2016/2017
[OMI, updated 2017 June 26]. A short sequence of the
2001 ozone hole. Requests for permission to use this data or for further
information should be sent to Jon Shanklin who maintains these pages.
© Copyright Natural Environment Research Council - British
Antarctic Survey 2017
Background and related material
Ozone bulletins
Ozone data
Two documents describe our standard operating procedures:
The BAS Dobson Manual
and the BAS ozone station
instructions. A paper describing the stations, observing programs and
reduction procedures is in preparation. Most of our data is available on line,
however please note that this is provisional and likely to change without
warning. You must request permission to reproduce the data and I may be
able to supply more suitable or more up to date material. If data from
Halley is used you must give the station name as Halley; Halley Bay was a
geographical feature that no longer exists.
Halley
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Halley in
2011/12 , 2012/13
,
2013/14 , 2014/15
,
2015/16 , 2016/17
using Dobson 31.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Halley in
2005/06 , 2006/07
,
2007/08 , 2008/09
,
2009/10 , 2010/11
,
2011/12
using Dobson 73.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Halley in
1991/92 , 1992/93
,
1993/94 , 1994/95
,
1995/96 , 1996/97
,
1997/98 , 1998/99
,
1999/00 , 2000/01
,
2001/02 , 2002/03
,
2003/04 , 2004/05
,
2005/06
using Dobson 103.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Halley in
1981/82 , 1982/83
,
1983/84 , 1984/85
,
1985/86 , 1986/87
,
1987/88 , 1988/89
,
1989/90 , 1990/91
,
1991/92
using Dobson 123.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Halley in
1972/73 ,
1973/74 , 1974/75
,
1975/76 , 1976/77
,
1977/78 , 1978/79
,
1979/80 , 1980/81
,
1981/82
using Dobson 31.
Provisional individual ozone values for Halley
in
2011/12 , 2012/13
,
2013/14 , 2014/15
, 2015/16 ,
2016/17 using Dobson 31.
Provisional individual ozone values for Halley in
2005/06 , 2006/07
,
2007/08 , 2008/09
,
2009/10 , 2010/11
,
2011/12
using Dobson 73.
Provisional individual ozone values for Halley in
1991/92 , 1992/93
,
1993/94 , 1994/95
,
1995/96 , 1996/97
,
1997/98 , 1998/99
,
1999/00 , 2000/01
,
2001/02 , 2002/03
,
2003/04 , 2004/05
,
2005/06
using Dobson 103.
Provisional individual ozone values for Halley in
1981/82 , 1982/83
,
1983/84 , 1984/85
,
1985/86 , 1986/87
,
1987/88 , 1988/89
,
1989/90 , 1990/91
,
1991/92
using Dobson 123.
Provisional individual ozone values for Halley in
1972/73 ,
1973/74 , 1974/75
,
1975/76 , 1976/77
,
1977/78 , 1978/79
,
1979/80 , 1980/81
,
1981/82
using Dobson 31.
Faraday/Vernadsky
Provisional daily mean
ozone values for Vernadsky in
2004/05 , 2005/06
, 2006/07 ,
2007/08 , 2008/09
, 2009/10 ,
2010/11 , 2011/12
, 2012/13 ,
2013/14 , 2014/15
, 2015/16 ,
2016/17 using Dobson 123.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Vernadsky in
1983/84 , 1984/85
, 1985/86 ,
1986/87 , 1987/88
, 1988/89 ,
1989/90 , 1990/91
, 1991/92 ,
1992/93 , 1993/94
, 1994/95 ,
1995/96 , 1996/97
, 1997/98 ,
1998/99 , 1999/00
, 2000/01 ,
2001/02 , 2002/03
, 2003/04 ,
2004/05 using Dobson 31.
Provisional daily mean ozone values for Vernadsky in
1971/72 ,
1972/73 , 1973/74
, 1974/75 ,
1975/76 , 1976/77
, 1977/78 ,
1978/79 , 1979/80
, 1980/81 ,
1981/82 , 1982/83
, 1983/84 ,
1984/85 using Dobson 73.
Provisional individual ozone values for Vernadsky in
2004/05 , 2005/06
, 2006/07 ,
2007/08 , 2008/09
, 2009/10 ,
2010/11 , 2011/12
, 2012/13 ,
2013/14 , 2014/15
, 2015/16 ,
2016/17 using Dobson 123.
Provisional individual ozone values for Vernadsky in
1983/84 , 1984/85
, 1985/86 ,
1986/87 , 1987/88
, 1988/89 ,
1989/90 , 1990/91
, 1991/92 ,
1992/93 , 1993/94
, 1994/95 ,
1995/96 , 1996/97
, 1997/98 ,
1998/99 , 1999/00
, 2000/01 ,
2001/02 , 2002/03
, 2003/04 ,
2004/05 using Dobson 31.
Provisional individual ozone values for Vernadsky in
1971/72 ,
1972/73 , 1973/74
, 1974/75 ,
1975/76 , 1976/77
, 1977/78 ,
1978/79 , 1979/80
, 1980/81 ,
1981/82 , 1982/83
, 1983/84 ,
1984/85 using Dobson 73.
Provisional monthly mean ozone values for Faraday/Vernadsky and Halley between 1956 and 2017 February.
Provisional monthly minimum ozone values for Faraday/Vernadsky between 1972 and 2017 March and Halley between 1956 and 2017 January.
Mean daily ozone values for the period 1957 - 1972 for
Faraday
and Halley. [NB: not corrected to Bass-Paur]
Daily ozone values for the period 1957 - 1973 for Faraday and Halley. [Revised to Bass-Paur]
Provisional Halley SAOZ total column nitrogen dioxide
and ozone:
2013 [processing revised 2013 November 22] ,
2014 ,
2015 , 2016 [updated
2016 December 12] and as
real-time graphs showing current ozone and NO2 levels [Not yet available].
SAOZ total column nitrogen dioxide and ozone:
1996 ,
1997 , 1998 ,
1999 ,
2000 , 2001 ,
2002 ,
2003 , 2004 ,
2005 ,
2006 , 2007 and
2008
[to 2008 January 22].
"New" SAOZ total column nitrogen dioxide and ozone:
2006 , 2007 ,
2008 ,
2009 , 2010 ,
2011 ,
2012 , 2013 ,
2014 ,
2015 , 2016 ,
2017 [updated 2017 June 23] and as
real-time graphs showing current ozone and NO2 levels. Data is missing
between 2013 December 23 and 2014 January 6. Data from 2017 January 6 to
May 8 is
likely to be revised as there were some issues with the instrument.
Bentham ozone. Provisional values for 1997
/ 1998 / 1999 /
2000
/ 2001 / 2003 /
2004 [updated 2004 November 5]. The
Bentham instrument ran until 2012, but data from it has not been used to produce
further ozone values.
Northern Hemisphere movies for 2000/2001 , 2001/2002
, 2002/2003 ,
2003/2004
, 2004/2005 , 2005
[TOMS], 2005/2006 ,
2006/2007
, 2007/2008 , 2008/2009
, 2009/2010 , 2010/2011
, 2011/2012 , 2012/2013
, 2013/2014 , 2014/2015
, 2015/2016 , 2016/2017
[OMI, updated 2017 June 26] A short sequence of ozone depletion during the
2002/03 northern winter showing the difference from the normal.
The annual movies are about 7Mb and were compiled from daily TOMS images until the end of 2005; from
2005/06 they have been compiled from OMI images. The movies begin and end in
June.
Today's
OMI global image
The
current area of the hole and
other latest details are available from the NOAA Climate Prediction Center.
Environment Canada have an excellent set of
daily maps showing both northern and southern ozone levels from a variety of
sources.
The Sciamachy uv index
from the ESA Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service.
Note that west longitude is negative when entering co-ordinates.
Contacts
